The LBNO long-baseline oscillation sensitivities with two conventional neutrino beams at different baselines

The proposed Long Baseline Neutrino Observatory (LBNO) initially consists of $\sim 20$ kton liquid double phase TPC complemented by a magnetised iron calorimeter, to be installed at the Pyh\"asalmi mine, at a distance of 2300 km from CERN. The conventional neutrino beam is produced by 400 GeV protons accelerated at the SPS accelerator delivering 700 kW of power. The long baseline provides a unique opportunity to study neutrino flavour oscillations over their 1st and 2nd oscillation maxima exploring the $L/E$ behaviour, and distinguishing effects arising from $\delta_{CP}$ and matter. In this paper we show how this comprehensive physics case can be further enhanced and complemented if a neutrino beam produced at the Protvino IHEP accelerator complex, at a distance of 1160 km, and with modest power of 450 kW is aimed towards the same far detectors. We show that the coupling of two independent sub-MW conventional neutrino and antineutrino beams at different baselines from CERN and Protvino will allow to measure CP violation in the leptonic sector at a confidence level of at least $3\sigma$ for 50\% of the true values of $\delta_{CP}$ with a 20 kton detector. With a far detector of 70 kton, the combination allows a $3\sigma$ sensitivity for 75\% of the true values of $\delta_{CP}$ after 10 years of running. Running two independent neutrino beams, each at a power below 1 MW, is more within today's state of the art than the long-term operation of a new single high-energy multi-MW facility, which has several technical challenges and will likely require a learning curve.Comment: 21 pages, 12 figure

Comparação termohigrométrica de sub-altitude em área urbana e rural em São Carlos, Brasil, por meio de VANT/DRONE.

A Radiossondagem de sub-altitude tem como objetivo mensurar os dados climatológicos em vários níveis verticais da atmosfera por meio de um equipamento denominado radiossonda. Além do mais, é conhecido que os diferentes tipos de uso e ocupação do solo (urbano, industrial, rural, florestal) alteram o balanço de energia entre a superfície e a atmosfera. Dessa forma, o estudo proposto tem como objetivo analisar e comparar os valores de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar próximo a superfície (1,5m de altura) e em diferentes alturas (50m e 190m da superfície) em área urbana e rural no município de São Carlos, Brasil, no período noturno em episódios de inverno, por meio de termohigrômetros acoplados em um Veículo Aéreo Não-Tripulado (Vant/Drone) do tipo quadricóptero (quatro hélices). O voo na área urbana foi realizado no dia 13/07/2018 e na área rural no dia 26/07/2018 entre 19:30 e 20:30. Os resultados demonstraram que na área urbana em períodos noturnos a temperatura e umidade relativa do ar são maiores próxima a superfície em relação aos dados de sub-altitude. Já na área rural em períodos noturnos a temperatura do ar é menor e a umidade relativa do ar é maior próximo a superfície em comparação aos dados de sub-altitude

Arcuate graben of Venusian volcano-tectonic structures: The last phase of tectonic activity?

Coronae and novae are two examples of Venusian volcano-tectonic structure types. Both these structures are considered either as surface expressions of diapirs or as representations of mantle upwellings. Half of the novae are located within coronae. The recent studies show that, in contrast to the earlier assumptions, at least the last activity of the nova usually postdates the coronae formation. This is possibly due to the reactivation of the nova location or increase in the activity of the formation process of the feature (Aittola & Kostama [CITE], JGR, 107, 5112). In these cases, the most recent phases of activity are the nova related features, the radial structures and the lava flows produced by the nova. However, in some examples, suites of very young arcuate graben are seen adjoining the sloping flanks of the structures. The studies of the volcano flanks of Earth have shown that similar horseshoe-shaped scarps are formed after an eruption which indicate the occurrence of failure of the scoria cone. It is also possible to have a lateral spreading of the cone resulting in fracturing of coherent material due to plastic flow of subsequent material. We have found evidence of these graben in at least four of the studied corona-nova paired structures. In this study, we concentrate on measuring and analysing these suites of tectonic modification. As the earlier studies have shown, these corona-novae structures are usually very young in respect to their surrounding geology and thus the deformation of the lava flows, i.e. the graben sets could actually represent the last stage of development of the corona-novae structures of Venus

Open call -menettelyn suunnittelu Pyhäsalmen kaivoksen maanalaisiin tiloihin sijoitettavista tieteellisistä kokeista

Abstract The Pyhäsalmi mine and the surrounding brownfield area offer the unique infrastructure and a wealth of opportunities for a variety of scientific and commercial purposes. It already hosts successful EMMA and C14 experiments, and has been thoroughly studied and noted as the most prominent location in Europe to host very large-scale particle physic experiments. There is a strong demand for the underground spaces around the world. By using the open call, it is possible to invite scientific and commercial actors to locate their experiments, pilots, and operations to the Pyhäsalmi Mine area to utilize the world-class infrastructure. We propose two active ways to carry out the actual open call, and we also present a detailed plans to execute them within maximum of two years time span, 2015–17. The procedures differs on the basis of the stage of the maturity of the proposal/ project/ experiment plans. The third way to carry out the process is passive marketing. Despite the selected procedures some actions has to be carried out prior to carrying out the open call -process: 1) To establish the board to evaluate to upcoming proposals, 2) to define the potential spaces in the mine and prepare the marketing material, 3) to survey the possible users in different fields, 4) to define the selection criteria, and 5) to ask for Letter of Intents from different users. In addition to these we suggest to establish/select the legal entity to execute all these actions. Open call procedure of use of underground facilities of Pyhäsalmi Mine for scientific purposes report is ordered by Nivala-Haapajärven seutu Nihak ry. Open call actions have been promoted since 2015 according to this report. This study and plan have been useful in concretizing and promoting the open call process.Tiivistelmä Pyhäsalmen kaivoksen ympäristö tarjoaa ainutlaatuisen infrastruktuurin ja ympäristön erilaiselle niin kaupalliselle kuin tieteellisellekin toiminnalle. Kaivosympäristöön on rakennettu EMMA ja C14 -kokeet muun toiminnan ohella. Kaivosympäristö on lisäksi tutkittu hyvin tarkkaan ja sitä on pidetty parhaana sijoituspaikkana myös suurelle hiukkasfysiikan kokeelle. Maanalaisista tiloista on suuri tarve maailmalla, sillä olemassa olevat tilat ovat täynnä. Open call -menettelyllä on mahdollista kutsua tieteellisiä ja kaupallisiakin toimijoita sijoittamaan kokeensa tai toimintansa Pyhäsalmen kaivoksen tiloihin hyödyntämään erinomaista infrastruktuuria. Open call -menettelyselvityksessä on esitelty kaksi erilaista toimintatapaa uusien kokeiden hankkimiseksi. Samalla on esitetty aikataulusuunnitelma toimien toteuttamiseksi. Yhtenä ympäristön markkinointikeinona on esitelty myös passiivinen markkinointi. Toiminnan kehittämisen ja open call -prosessin eteenpäin viemisen edellytyksenä on: 1) Arviointiryhmän kokoaminen esitysten arvioimiseksi, 2) sopivien toimitilojen kartoittaminen kaivosympäristössä ja markkinointimateriaalin luominen, 3) eri alojen toimijoiden kartoittaminen, 4) arvosteluperusteiden määrittäminen ja 5) aiesopimuksen laatiminen toimijoiden kanssa. Toimien toteuttamiseksi ja jatkotoiminnan kehittämiseksi on suositeltu perustaa kiinteistöyhtiö tai vastaava, jonka tehtävänä on myös hallinnoida ja perustaa uusia tiloja tarpeiden mukaisesti. Open call -menettelyn suunnittelu Pyhäsalmen kaivoksen maanalaisiin tiloihin sijoitettavista tieteellisistä kokeista -selvitys on toteutettu Nivala-Haapajärven seutukunnan tilauksesta. Toimia on edistetty vuodesta 2015 alkaen tämän suunnitelman mukaisesti. Selvityksestä on ollut hyötyä kokonaisuuden konkretisoinnissa ja toimien eteenpäin viemisessä

Plans for the future scientific activities in the Pyhäsalmi mine

Abstract The Pyhäsalmi Mine is approximately 1,400 metres deep metal mine at Pyhäjärvi, Finland. This one of the deepest mine offers unique facilities and underground infrastructure for several purposes. For the exploitation of the infrastructure after the end of underground excavations there are plans to establish a Science and Research Centre in the mine. Different international studies and reports have proven that the Pyhäsalmi Mine area is an excellent site for underground physics experiments from both technical, infrastructural and scientifical point of view [1]. This feasibility has been shown, for example, by the extended site investigations at Pyhäsalmi Mine [2] which included, among others, analyses of the structural, physical and chemical conditions of the rock mass. The facilities of the mine are excellent, for example, for various kind of physics experiments due to the large rock overburden, but also for other fields of science. Therefore, during 2015 an open call process will be organized in which new experiments looked for to utilize the underground facilities. In this work we present plans for the future activities in the Pyhäsalmi Mine

Polygonal impact craters in the Argyre region, Mars: Evidence for influence of target structure on the final crater morphology

Impact craters that in plan view are distinctly polygonal rather than circular or elliptical are common on Mars and other planets (hman et al. 2005). Their actual formation mechanism, however, is somewhat debatable. We studied the polygonal craters of different degradational stages in the region of the Argyre impact basin, Mars. The results show that in the same areas, heavily degraded, moderately degraded, and fresh polygonal craters display statistically similar strike distributions of the straight rim segments. The fact that the strike distributions are not dependent on lighting conditions was verified by using two data sets (Viking and MOC-WA) having different illumination geometries but similar resolutions. In addition, there are no significant differences in the amount of polygonality of craters in different degradational stages. These results clearly imply that large-scale polygonality is not caused by degradation, but originates from the cratering process itself, concurring with the findings regarding lunar craters by Eppler et al. (1983). The straight rims of polygonal craters apparently reflect areal fracture patterns that prevail for a geologically long time.The Meteoritics & Planetary Science archives are made available by the Meteoritical Society and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform February 202